Chemistry
Do you want to know everything about Chemistry? This article will give you all the information you need.
It is a subject that has spread in every field, from studies to daily life.
To understand chemistry easily, it is necessary to know its basic principles, which are covered in this article.
After this, what is chemistry and its branches, you will also get all this in this article.
So let's go to this wonderful world.
What is Chemistry?
The branch of science that deals with the properties and behavior of matter are called chemistry.
After this, how atoms and molecules combine with each other and how the chemical reaction takes place are also studied.
Around the 17th century, science was completely gone, but due to the growing field of science, many branches of science were formed. One of which was this. Then chemistry was born and today it is one of the fundamental sciences. If we look around us, we will find many examples of chemical science. Colgate, detergents, food items, colors, and plastics are all due to chemistry. Chemistry is also called center science because it combines both physics and biology.
Concept
When you practice chemistry, have you ever wondered what are molecules, atoms, elements, compounds, and bonds? These are the basic things of chemistry, which are very important to know. So first we know these concepts, which we will start with the atom.
Atom is the fundamental unit of chemistry. It is the smallest part of the matter. At the center of the atom is the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons. And the electrons revolve in their orbit around those nuclei. The mass of a proton is positive ( +) and that of an electron is negative (-). When neutrons are neutral. In terms of mass, protons and neutrons are the same, but the mass of the electron is only 1,836 parts that of the proton.
Element
A pure substance made up of only one type of atom is called a chemical element. The number of protons inside an atom is called the atomic number of that element. Every atom in a pure element has the same number of protons inside it. On the basis of this number, all the substances of the world are classified. for example, Oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. There are a total of 118 elements in the whole world, and all of them are represented in a table called the periodic table.
According to this table, as the number increases, the number of electrons and protons in the atom of that element also increases. for example, the Second is helium. An atom of this element will have only two electrons and two protons. The same, at number eight, is oxygen, which will have eight electrons and eight protons inside its atom. Remember, all the substances we find in the world are from these 118 elements. Apart from these, if you find any element, whose atom has 119 electrons inside, then it will be a very big discovery.
Molecule
Have you ever wondered what is the difference between a molecule and an atom? A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are electrically neutral. It is of two types. Molecules are made up of similar elements and molecules are made up of different elements. for example, Sodium chloride is formed by the union of sodium and chlorine atoms. The same, two hydrogens combine to form dihydrogen. Another difference between molecules and atoms is that atoms never exist independently in nature but molecules do exist. Molecules play an important role in chemistry as they have their own chemical properties.
Bonding
Atoms inside a molecule stay connected with each other, this is called bonding. This bond is of many different types of bond. in which it is the main one.
1. Covalent bond
2. Ionic bond
3. Hydrogen bond
4. Van der Waals force
Ionic bonds are formed when a metallic element loses one of its electrons and a non-metal element gains it. If a metal element has fewer electrons, the positive electronegativity in that atom increases, while non-metallic elements have an increase in the number of electrons as the negative electronegative atom increases. For example, sodium is a metal that loses electrons while chlorine is a non-metal that gains electrons. Then both join by an ionic bond to form NaCl, which is a common salt. Now that we have got the basic knowledge of chemistry, now it is the turn of its branches.
Branches of Chemistry
Chemistry has spread in every field, due to which its practice is not possible in one branch. For this reason, it has been divided into many sub-branches. Although there are many sub-disciplines of chemistry, here we will know about only five main branches. Simply put, in organic chemistry, all the elements made of carbon are studied. Carbon is an element that is found in every living organism, above all it is associated with many elements living on earth. For example, hydrocarbons, contain carbon and hydrogen. In the same way, elements like oxygen and nitrogen are also associated with carbon. The most common example is carbon dioxide. In which there is a combination of both carbon and oxygen. Scientists in this branch practice compound made from carbon and know their chemical properties. After that, we also study how already existing organic compounds can be improved. This branch is also associated with daily life. The use of Colgate and soap as soon as you wake up in the morning is a result of organic chemistry.
Subsequently, it is also useful in foodstuffs, agrochemicals, coatings, cosmetics, detergents, food, fuels, petrochemicals, plastics, and rubber. But most of it is used in making medicines and drugs. As a result, due to this branch, the importance of chemical science increased in our daily life.
Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. Where compounds attached to carbon are practiced in organic chemistry, other compounds are practiced in inorganic chemistry that does not contain carbon. Inorganic elements include the study of metals and minerals. Chemists in this branch try to understand how yogic elements are formed and separated and how they are improved. Apart from this, the scientists of this branch of chemistry have some special tasks of their own. For example, To develop a method in which the metal is purified from the impure substance. Practicing inorganic compounds for soil treatment. Analysis of minerals.
As the first branch, this branch is also useful in daily life, but it is more useful in the industrial sector. especially, Ammonia: It is such a yogic element that is used in Pushkar quantity. It is widely used in the manufacture of nylons, fibers, plastics, polyurethanes, hydrazine, and explosives.
Chlorine: Chlorine is used to make pipes, clothing, furniture, fertilizer, insecticide, soil treatment pharmaceuticals, and water treatment. Coming to the next branch, In other words, it studies what matter is and its existence. The chemists working in this branch are associated with almost every branch. Because they observe the information related to that branch and get the information for better results. Analytical Chemistry is used in chemical life apart from daily life. for example, To determine the quality of food, medicine, and water. To study the data related to the marketing of chemicals. To make the yogic element or method better. Determining the laws of chemistry and environment. Overall, this branch of chemistry is meant for better results. Moving on to the next branch.
Bio-Chemistry
Biochemistry was born when chemists started their practice on living organisms. For this reason, it actually formed a group of two branches. Chemistry and Biology. In this branch of chemistry, the chemical process taking place in living organisms is studied. For example, The study of the DNA of the cells inside us and the study of chemicals released from the brain. Biochemistry is most commonly used in foods, in which the quality of food is improved. After this, biochemistry is also used to know the chemicals of tree plants. Because that too is a living system.
Physical Chemistry
This is also a confluence of two branches of science. Physical chemistry is practiced by applying the principles of physics such as force, energy, mechanics, and motion at the molecular level. Through physical chemistry, we can know the physical behavior and properties of chemical phenomena happening at the molecule and atomic levels. Some of the main studies are: Observing the force between the molecules. Identification of ions and electrical conductivity of substances.The transfer of energy between two molecules. Apart from this, an important task is to identify any substance and develop its principles. So these were just the branches of chemistry, as there are many types of chemistry, which are impossible to know in one article. Whatever it is, now we move on to the next part.
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